Information system management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information system management - Essay Example Examples of TPS systems include: Point-of-Sales Machines, Automated Teller Machines, and Purchase Order Systems etc. The Important characteristics of a Transaction processing System include: rapid response, reliability, standardization, and controlled processing. Transaction Processing systems are the most basic systems that serve the purpose of collecting data for the organization. It is the system that ensures that the transactions taking place in the organization are ACID (Atomic, Consistent, Isolated and Durable) (Reuter and Haerder, 1983). Often the data collected by TPS is not of much value in its raw form. However, the same data when processed and converted to information is then useful for all levels of managers for decision making. The data that is collected by the TPS is then used by other Information systems within the organization. Office Automation Systems: Office automation systems came into prominence during the early years of the development of the desktop computer industry. These systems are situated on the Local Area Network of an organization and allow the users to transfer data, mail and voices across the network (Farlex, 2010) in electronic format. Office automation systems consist of computer hardware and software such as a word processor, printer, telephone and voice input, database, business spreadsheets, graphics, e-mail and teleconferencing tools. The three activities that an office automation system is supposed to take care of are: data storage of information, data exchange and data management. For the continual operations of the business, it is necessary that office records and other primary documents shall be stored in an electronic format. Tools like word processors and spreadsheet applications allow users to manage data in the appropriate format. Other tools that are commonly used in office automation systems are collaboration tools like e-mail, desktop sharing, net-meeting etc. Image

Fallacy Spotting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fallacy Spotting - Essay Example An appeal to pity or fear also known as the Galileo argument, means a professional has been suffering that he/she might lose loss his/her house due to some dysfunction. Under different situations human being evoke to the appeal to pity or fear emotion. Fear of God and fear of terrorism generates appeal to pity or fear in the human mind. At the time of appeal to pity or fear, different kinds of reasoning come to the mind of the arguer along with opposing party. Emotions have been affecting human behavior in a very inappropriate manner, which is also harmful for the future (Rainbolt and Dwyer 1-446). Therefore, appealing to the emotions like pity or fear is unidentified force created by the arguer, it negatively affect the opponents without knowing the actual reason, whether he/she will surrender to the arguer (Walton 1-55). Pity or fear is a very strong as well as forceful emotion, which made the opponent helpless and at a point of time opponent is forced to give up the

The Concept of Open Kitchen Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept of Open Kitchen Design - Essay Example Among the range of advancements however, of particular interest is the concept of Open Kitchen Design. This concept has been attractive to many restaurateurs for not only its entertaining factor, but also because customers can be able to see exactly how food is being prepared and as such they are more likely to prefer it as opposed to situations where they cannot tell what is being put into their plate. This increases the level of hygiene that is involved and lowers the chances of occurrence of food poisoning. So what exactly are the views of customers on the Open Kitchen design? This paper analyzes the work of Alonso and O’neill, Exploring Consumers’ Images of Open Restaurant Kitchen Design, where a research has been conducted on this area so as to find out what the customers really want and as such give them exactly that in this era where customer satisfaction is the recipe to the success of every business. The Background Research has revealed that consumers in the Un ited States have a preference for food prepared outside the home setting, (Alonso et al, 2). On average, a consumer will take five meals in a week in a restaurant as opposed to home. On the same note, it has been noted that consumers obviously attach a lot of importance to the hygiene and safety of the food they eat though this is something that most restaurants ignore. Further, hygiene and cleanliness of food is closely related to the design of the kitchen that a restaurant decides to have thus the design of a kitchen can play a big role in ensuring food safety, reduced number of accidents as well as efficiency in operations. This idea in itself will attract customers as it gives them the satisfaction that they are having a meal that is properly prepared by merely looking at the physical setting of the kitchen. An attractive kitchen design will also encourage employees to carry out their duties with utmost care in providing high quality food. Reports indicate that more and more res taurants are embracing the open kitchen design and it has been responsible for booming business for small enterprises despite meager materials through research, (Alonso et al, 4). Thus the work of Alonso and O’neill aims at bringing more light on the subject. Methodology Used Consumer data was obtained through questionnaires distributed within duration of four months at a university in the United States from individuals attending a baseball sport during the season. The reasons for choosing a university for the collection of this data was the convenience of collecting data from a large number of individuals composed of different groups in terms of gender and age and then making comparisons. The success of the research was also facilitated by the fact that the researchers also belonged to the university in question and therefore it was easy for the respondents to identify themselves with them. The content and design of the questionnaire was prepared according to the little avai lable data from research previously conducted on the image of consumers on the idea of Open Kitchen Design. The research also took into consideration the demographic factors of the respondents, experience and frequency of consumers, type of restaurant visited, factors affecting consumers’ tastes and preferences and to what extent the design of the restaurant affected their choices. Instructions on how to go about the research questions were also provided. The potential respondents were

Analyzing Geoff Moore's Chasm Model Research Paper

Analyzing Geoff Moore's Chasm Model - Research Paper Example This group needs to be first taken into consideration for they would help in endorsing the new technology being introduced. The second group relates to such people who are known as the early adopters. These people tend to identify the benefits related to a technological innovation and thereby tend to increasingly link such benefits to the operations conducted in their firm or organization. Further these people tend to work more based on the level of their intuition and thereby does not tend to depend on any referred source of study or knowledge. The third adopter segment identified in this model is referred to as early majority. Like early adopters these people also work on their level of intuition in regards to decision making or purchase actions. However unlike early adopters these people work in a pragmatic fashion such that they measure or evaluate their actions against referred or authentic sources of information. Hence they not only successful into entering new territories but also can gain high amount of revenue and profits. Another adopter group in the fourth category relates to late majority people. These people however tend to avoid being drawn to new technologies or innovations. Rather they tend to depend on standardized and well recognized sources to gain resources for their business. Thus gaining over this source helps the research and development team to counter the loss of profits and rather meet the expenses incurred. The final group of adopters in the fifth category relate to a population known as laggards that do not go for new technology products. Rather they tend to depend on other products for their survival. Moore’s Chasm thus refers to the difference between the two segments of technological diffusion relating to the early adopters and the groups known as the early majority. The first group is understood as potential visionaries that tend to bring about new thoughts and ideologies while the latter are held to depend on pragmatic id eas (Dams 88; Moore 12-13). The Chasm Model in Regards to Consumer Behavior The Chasm theory of Moore’s when dealt in regards to consumer behavior identifies early adopters as those people that rush over to the market place in sight of new technology or products being introduced. In other words the early adopter group of consumers tends to take to higher purchase risks in that they go for untested products that have been introduced in the market. However it must also be understood in here that the early adopters also endeavor to look for specific value in regards to the products they ought to procure from the market. Thus a separate culture needs to be developed where the consumers would be introduced to the values and benefits they ought to obtain from the product or service. Unlike the early adopters the early majority consists of such population groups that would not go for rightly procuring a product or service unless and until they have rightly evaluated such to satisfy their needs and aspirations. Henceforth these people need not be introduced to values and benefits of the products. Rather they endeavor to conduct a market research on the people who have been using such product or service. The process through which the behavior pattern of the early adopters can be infused to look for proper benefits and positive experiences before procuring such can be held as a means to earn a breakthrough in

Media Studies Dissertation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Studies Dissertation Plan - Essay Example The images of women as they portrayed in the media are the root of eating disorders that put these women at health risks. In addition, the proposed research meets the criteria for what makes a topic researchable. When finding a topic for research a study of the current literature is vital to the integrity of the proposal. An annotated bibliography will establish that there is efficient evidence, research and future merit for research on the topic. It is important to take the time to verify there is sufficient literature available for the proposed study. When looking for literature it I important to a lot a large portion of time to dedicate to perusing the literature. It is important to find current and past studies, articles and research from scholarly sources. When establishing a topic to research there is some important factors to keep in mind. For instance how current the topic is. If it involves something that has very recently occurred it will be difficult to locate literature on the subject. When planning a research proposal it is also important to arrive at a topic for the proposal taking into consideration that some topics are rarely covered by scholarly publications. For instance, " highly specific current events, little-known individuals, "underground" or alternative trends that haven't made it into even the alternative scholarship yet." (Riley 2002) It is important to take the time to research topics and reviews the literature to see if the topic is credible and worthy of a study o4 further study. Some of the topics that can be considered are anorexia in the music industry, eating disorders in adolescents and the psychological effects of eating disorders. After a review of the literature it was determined that my research will be based on how skinny images of women portrayed by media effects women's health. An assessment of the criteria justifies this study has merit. The criteria for this dissertation plan encompassed planning and planning in stages. This swill gives the research proposal organization and it will be easier to carry out the research if there are clear steps to the process determined prior to the actual conducting of the research. It has been concluded that the research proposal will be conducted using a questionnaire given to females questioning their self-image and the role that the media plays in the way that they feel. After careful consideration, it has been established that the questionnaires will be given to three different age groups of meals in order to establish a pattern through all of the age groups. The research questionnaires will be given to preadolescent females, adolescents, and women in their twenties. A study could include males however thee is no literature that supports that men are affected by the skinny images presented in the media. A future study could include males and body images in the media and steroid use. Annoted Bibliography This scholarly article discussed a study on self objectification and how it can lead to internal awareness, depression and disordered eating. This article didn't concentrate specifically on the media, but suggested that the media is one of that elements that leads to the original awareness of ones body compared to societal standards; which portray thin as good, successful and happy, and fat as bad, ugly and unhappy. Polivy, J., & Herman, P. (2002).

Romeo and Juliets Changes Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliets Changes Essay By the end of act 2 Romeo and Juliet have changed considerably from how they were first presented to us. By the end of Act 2, Romeo and Juliet have changed in different ways. It is not evident that the changes they have made are that considerable. Juliet becomes much more mature and less like a young girl. Romeo on the hand, doesn’t seem to have changed as much as Juliet. He does become more responsible and seemingly more mature, but his impulsive behaviour leads to his death. Romeo changes by the end of Act Two in the case of his maturity. He is first presented as a â€Å"lovesick puppy† over Rosaline, although he hardly knew her. He states â€Å"sad hours seem long† which shows him pining over Rosaline, whom he apparently ‘loved’. When he attends the Capulets’ party however, he then claims to have fallen in love with Juliet. This shows that he is a rather â€Å"fickle† character who perhaps doesn’t know the meaning of love. However by the end of Act Two, it seems that he remains firmly in love with Juliet, which shows that he has matured and no longer â€Å"loves only with his eyes†. He also shows more courage and bravery to love Juliet no matter the consequences. His attitude towards his friends changes as well and he is no longer as crude and jovial as them. He shows a more serious outlook on life. Although he does perhaps mature as the play progresses, his immature and impulsive behaviour remains as it was before. This recklessness is what leads to his banishment and death. Juliet is first portrayed to us as mild-mannered and obedient. The images Shakespeare presents us are of Juliet as a young child who is very innocent. As the play progresses however, she is shown to be falling in love with Romeo. This shows that she is maturing and she is now portrayed as a young women and not a little girl. She also defies her parents in marrying Romeo which shows that she now changed from the mild, innocent girl that we first see. She is brave enough not to trust her Nurse after she â€Å"betrayed† her. Her Nurse was previously her best friend and she had trusted her with everything, so the fact that she was able to lie to the nurse and defy her shows that she is no more strong-willed and independent. She advances from an dutiful child to a more mature woman who defies her parents and is braver by the end of act two. Throughout the play, the characters change in maturity and in their attitudes towards their parents and friends. Romeo and Juliet appear to love each other deeply and this is what makes them more mature, rebellious and strong-willed. Although they change in these ways, Romeo still remains impulsive and reckless and this leads to his downfall.

Nursing and Patient Led Intervention Case Study

Nursing and Patient Led Intervention Case Study Doris presented wound to left medial malleolus that has been caused by banging her left leg on fire 6 weeks ago. The wound measures 4 cm x 5 cm, filled 90% slough, 10 % granulation on wound bed and had copious odour to exudate. SMART OUTCOME / OBJECTIVE To reduce the size of Doris’ ulcer from the current 4 cm x 5 cm to 2 cm x 3 cm within 6 weeks. NURSING AND PATIENT LED INTERVENTIONS Introduce yourself to Doris and gain consent. Introducing yourself to patient is respectful, polite and important in providing compassionate care. Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) (2013) emphasises that patients should voluntarily give their valid consent before any intervention or procedure is undertaken. Furthermore, the NICE (2015) guideline states that part of patient-centred care is providing patients with sufficient information about their condition and encouraging them to participate in healthcare decision-making. Assess Doris’ pain prior to cleaning the wound. To reduce discomfort to patient and to structure the assessment for patient’s dressing-related pain and implement effective management strategies immediately (World Union of Wound Healing Societies, 2014; Hollinworth, 2005). Gou and DiPetro (2010) explain that wound healing involves programmed phases and once interrupted, could lead to impairment and delays in wound healing. However, most healthcare practitioners fail to assess levels of pain before cleaning the wound (Baranoski and Ayello, 2008). When pain is unmanaged, this could lead to complications and delayed wound healing (Hollinworth, 2005). Ask Doris if she has any allergies. It is significant on assessment to find out whether patient has any allergies. It assists in making decisions such as prescribing medications and prevent any further allergic reactions and other complications (NICE, 2015). Perform hand washing using the correct techniques pre and post procedure. Hands should be washed before and after patient contact. Adhering to standard precautions is essential in all aspect of patient care (NMC, 2015). According to Rowley and Clare (2011) proper hand washing before patient contact will prevent the risk of acquiring infections. Infection is the biggest risk that can delay wound healing. It also means your patient will be safe from risk of acquiring cross infections whilst carrying out care (World Health Organisation, 2009). Perform and maintain aseptic non-touch technique for all procedure to wound care. The use of aseptic non touch technique reduces risk of patients acquiring infections. The aseptic non-touch technique is suggested when dressing the wound (WHO, 2009). Rowley and Clare (2011) have stressed that aseptic non-touch technique could reduce the risk of hospital acquired infections. Hence, the use of this technique could help reduce the risk of infecting wound. As stated in the study of Guo and DiPietro (2010), infection could disrupt and delay the process of wound healing. Irrigate wound with saline at room temperature. Irrigation is to clean out the wound. Cleansing removes debris and pathogens. However, one major drawback of this approach is that irrigation may accidentally remove areas of newly granulating tissue, thus will delay healing process (Kerstein, 1994). However, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2015) guideline states that necrotic material present in the margins of the wound could be sites for bacterial proliferation and should be removed through debridement. The SIGN (2010) guideline, nevertheless, could not find studies comparing debridement and no debridement in venous ulcer management. The guideline examined a number of debridement methods. Additionally, a prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) (Weiss et al., 2013) suggests that tap water is as effective as normal saline for wound irrigation. There were no significant differences in the infection rates between wounds that were irrigated with tap water and those irrigated with saline solution. On the other hand, using tap water could be as effective and less costly for wound irrigation. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN, 2010) recommends that leg ulcers should be washed with tap water and dried carefully. Obtain wound swab as needed. Wound cultures is a tool to determine possible infection in the wound bed (NICE, 2012). However, reliability is concerned with consistency and the extent to which results are accurate. There would be a consensus over whether or not to clean the wound before swabbing. Donovan (1998) and Kiernan (1998) all advise irrigation with warmed normal saline to which remove excessive debris and exudate, thus removing surface contamination. Bowler et al (2001) suggest that the laboratory should be informed if the wound is not clean so as to exclude wound contaminants. It must also be noted that antiseptic cleansing solutions must be avoided as the results may be distorted (Cuzzell, 1993; Kiernan, 1998). Assess the wound and document findings on wound assessment chart. Proper wound assessment can significantly influence the intervention and prognosis (NHS, 2014a). In addition to assessment, the patient’s past medical history should also be taken. It allows healthcare practitioners determine the cause of the leg ulcer. The NHS (2014b) states that it is also important to treat the underlying cause of patient’s ulcer to prevent recurring of venous leg ulcer after treatment. Measure Doris wound and take photograph to sit as a baseline for wound care. Measuring wound diameter and taking a photograph would provide information to healthcare practitioners if wound contraction has begun and whether the wound is responding positively to interventions (NICE, 2015). Refer Doris to Tissue Viability Nurse. A specialist nurse such as the tissue viability nurse would help promote wound healing. Tissue viability nurses have extensive knowledge on how to manage acute, chronic or complex wounds (NHS, 2014a). They also provide advice and support for healthcare practitioners, patients and their families or cares (NHS, 2014a; SIGN, 2010). Since they are responsible in supporting wound care management in different healthcare settings, working closely with them would ensure that Doris receive quality care. A tissue viability nurse would also dispense advice on compression bandaging and other interventions to promote wound healing. Dress wound using hydrocolloid dressing. Dressings the wound will create a clean and optimum environment for wound healing (NICE, 2012). Based on the Cochrane Review moist environment promotes wounds to heal more quickly than a dry one (Palfreyman et al, 2006). Meanwhile, wounds left to dry form a scab or eschar which forces migrating epidermal cells to move deeper, prolonging the healing process (Kerstein, 1994). However, it could be argued another drawback of wound dressings that can be sometimes develop sensitivities to ingredients and can be toxic to the wound (Robinson, 2000). Therefore, choice of wound dressings will be dictated by the nature of the wound (Grey, et al, 2006). Wound dressing could be as simple as non-adherent dressing (NHS, 2014a). The NICE (2015) guideline states that there is insufficient evidence to support advanced dressings as more effective than conventional dressings in wound management. Another drawback is caution on removing of an adherent dressing which causes pain and may accidentally remove areas of newly granulating tissue, thus will delay healing process (Kerstein, 1994). Meanwhile, wound like Doris’ that is highly exuding and can be dress and cope with hydrogel dressings to avoid maceration (Jones et al 2006; Kerstein, 1994). Moreover, secondary dressings can be used as well to relieve pain such as hydrocolloid and to absorb more exudate like alginate (NICE, 2012). Educate Doris about the dressings, showering, bathing and how long dressings can be left in place and to contact District Nurse if dressing becomes loose or removed. Patient’s awareness of potential causes of poor/delayed wound healing (Kerstein, 1994). This would enable Doris to receive patient education about wound care and intervention and management. The NICE (2015) guideline states that part of patient-centred care is providing patients with sufficient information about their condition and encouraging them to participate in healthcare decision-making regarding their care. Discourage Doris of rubbing and scratching the wound. Scratching, rubbing and picking the wound can delay healing process and cause further injury to the tissue (Stander et al, 2003). Educate and encourage Doris to eat a balance diet and explain that protein is vital to wound healing and recovery. Optimal nutrition is essential to wounds healing. Informing the patient’s on the importance of good nutrition and improving the patient’s diet if needed is important for good prognosis of wound healing. Educate patient on essential diet for good wound healing e.g. protein (fish, meat, cheeses and eggs) and vitamin c (found in orange juice and vegetables) ( Bale, S and Jones, 2006). According to Dealey (2005) poor wound healing may indicate the patient’s nutritional status needs to be enhanced. If wound healing is poor accompanied by weight loss referral to dietician and prescribing practitioner for further advice and to consider supplemental nutrition for patient. Educate Doris to perform range of exercises whilst sitting. It activates venous pump by mobilising calf’s and feet whilst sitting and improve circulation and aid in wound healing (Callum, 1994). The NHS (2014b) states that it is also important to treat the underlying cause of patient’s ulcer to prevent recurring of venous leg ulcer after treatment. Performing a range of exercise during sitting could help improve wound healing (NHS, 2014b). Give contact number to Doris and instruct to call if there any other concern and arrange follow up visit. Arranging regular follow up to recognise risk factors and prevent further skin breakdown and reduce the risk of recurrence (NICE,2012). Refer Doris for Doppler assessment and for further compression therapy The aim is to identify potential arterial insufficiency that needs treatment and management (NICE, 2012). This will enable to provide information for long term intervention on maintaining integrity of the skin around the wound. Doppler assessment is necessary since this would assist healthcare practitioners in assessing leg ulcers. Although it is not diagnostic of venous ulceration, Doppler assessment could define a safe level for compression bandaging (NICE, 2015; SIGN, 2010). Doppler assessment is also helpful in determining when compression bandaging should not be used or is contraindicated (NICE, 2015). Hence, this assessment remains to be an important tool in reducing tissue damage due to bandage pressure. This type of assessment would provide information on the ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI). If ABPI REFERENCES Bale, S and Jones, V. (2006) Wound Care Nursing: a patient-centred approach (2nd edn). London: Mosby Elsevier. Baranoski, S. Ayello, E. (2008) Wound care essential: Practice Principles. Bowler, PG.,Duerden, BI., Armstrong, DG. (2001) Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin microbial Rev 14:244-69. Callum, N.(1994) The Nursing Management of Leg Ulcers in the Community: A critical Review of Research. University of Liverpool, Department of Nursing, Liverpool. Cuzzell,JZ. (1993) The right way to culture a wound. Am J Nurs 93 (5):48-50. Dealey, C. (2005) The Care of Wounds: a guide for nurses (3rd edn). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Donovan, S. (1998) Wound infection and wound swabbing. Prof Nurse 13:757-9 Gou, S. DiPietro, L. (2010) ‘Factors affecting wound healing’, Journal of Dental Research, 89(3), pp. 219-229. Grey, J.E., Enoch, S. and Harding, K.G. (2006) ABC of wound healing: wound assessment. British Medical Journal 332(7536), 285-288. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360405/ [Accessed 26 April 2015]. Hollinworth, H. (2005). The management of patients’ pain in wound care. Nursing Standard 20(7), 65-8. Iglesias, C., Nelson, E., Cullum, N. Torgerson, D. (2004) ‘VenUS I: A randomised controlled trial of two types of bandage for treating venous leg ulcers’, Health Technology Assessment, 8(29), pp. 1-105. Jones, V., Grey, J.E. and Harding, K.G. (2006b) ABC of wound healing: wound dressings. British Medical Journal 332(7544), 777-780. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420733/ [Accessed 26 April 2015]. Kerstein, M. (1994) Overview of wound healing in a moist environment. American Journal of Surgery, 167 (Supp 1a): 25-65 Kiernan,M. (1998) Role of swabbing in wound infection management. Community Nurse 4(6):45-6. Palfreyman, S.J., Nelson, E.A., Lochiel, R. and Michaels, J.A. (2006) Dressings for healing venous leg ulcers (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Issue 3. 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Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623706[Accessed 23 April 2015] Weiss, E., Oldham, G., Lin, M., Foster, T. and Quinn, J. (2013) ‘Water is a safe and effective alternative to sterile normal saline for wound irrigation prior to suturing: A prospective, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial’, BMJ Open, 3(1). Pii: e001504. Doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001504 Available at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/1/e001504.long [Accessed 30 April 2015]. World Health Organisation (2009) WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597906_eng.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2015]. World Union of Wound Healing Societies (2004) Principles of best practice: Minimising pain at wound dressing-related procedures. A consensus document. London: MEP Ltd. Available at: http://www.wuwhs.org. [Accessed 26 April 2015].